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Q: Analyse the causes of the downfall of Muslim state in the 18th century?
Ans:Regular Muslim empire in the Sub-continent was established by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak in 1206 AD.This rule ushered in the sultanate period which lasted till 1526 when sultan lbrahim lodhi was defeated by Zaheeruddin Babar in the first battle of Panipat.Thus Babur laid the foundation of the great Mughal dynasty which entrenched the Muslims firmly in the Sub-continent.During the period extending form 1206 to 1707,the muslim saints and the warriors not only strengthened the muslim rule but also propagated Islam throughout the country.consequently millions of Hindus Buddhists and Janis embraced islam and the number of muslims multiplied rapidly.Out of the first sixMughal emperors,Akbar,Shah Jehan and Aurangzeb were great Emperors,generals and rules.During their reigns the Muslim kingdom extended form Bengal to Kabul and no other race could challenge the Mughal authority.Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658 to 1707) was the last great mughal emperor who enjoyed complete control over his empire.Through his unrivalled generalship and staesmanship he succeeded in keeping in check the rise of sikhs in punjab Rajputs in Rajputana and the Marathas in the Maharashtra.however the death of Aurangzeb in 1707A.D proved to be the turning point in the history of muslim rule in India.The incompetent succesoors of Aurangzeb could not hold the empire together and the decline of Mughals which started in the first quarter of the 18th century not only resulted in the advent of the british but also the rise end growth of the sikhs and the Marathas as great porwers.
The causes of the downfall of the Muslim state in the 18th century can be summed up as under.
(1) Weak Successors of Aurangzeb.
(2) Vastness of Mughal Empire.
(3) Absence of a Definite Law of Succession.
(4) Deterioration of Mughal Army.
(5) Deterioration of Morality of Mughal Kings.
(6) Corruption of Mughal Nobility.
(7) Invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali.
(8) Aurangzeb's Wrong Policy in Deccan.
(9) Rise of Sikhs in Punjab.
(10) Rise of Marathas.
(11) Rise of Hindus of Rajputana.
(12) Advent of European.
(13) Role of Nizam of Hyderabad.
(14) Backwardness in Science and Technology.
(15) Absence of Navaj Power.
Ans:Regular Muslim empire in the Sub-continent was established by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak in 1206 AD.This rule ushered in the sultanate period which lasted till 1526 when sultan lbrahim lodhi was defeated by Zaheeruddin Babar in the first battle of Panipat.Thus Babur laid the foundation of the great Mughal dynasty which entrenched the Muslims firmly in the Sub-continent.During the period extending form 1206 to 1707,the muslim saints and the warriors not only strengthened the muslim rule but also propagated Islam throughout the country.consequently millions of Hindus Buddhists and Janis embraced islam and the number of muslims multiplied rapidly.Out of the first sixMughal emperors,Akbar,Shah Jehan and Aurangzeb were great Emperors,generals and rules.During their reigns the Muslim kingdom extended form Bengal to Kabul and no other race could challenge the Mughal authority.Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658 to 1707) was the last great mughal emperor who enjoyed complete control over his empire.Through his unrivalled generalship and staesmanship he succeeded in keeping in check the rise of sikhs in punjab Rajputs in Rajputana and the Marathas in the Maharashtra.however the death of Aurangzeb in 1707A.D proved to be the turning point in the history of muslim rule in India.The incompetent succesoors of Aurangzeb could not hold the empire together and the decline of Mughals which started in the first quarter of the 18th century not only resulted in the advent of the british but also the rise end growth of the sikhs and the Marathas as great porwers.
The causes of the downfall of the Muslim state in the 18th century can be summed up as under.
(1) Weak Successors of Aurangzeb.
(2) Vastness of Mughal Empire.
(3) Absence of a Definite Law of Succession.
(4) Deterioration of Mughal Army.
(5) Deterioration of Morality of Mughal Kings.
(6) Corruption of Mughal Nobility.
(7) Invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali.
(8) Aurangzeb's Wrong Policy in Deccan.
(9) Rise of Sikhs in Punjab.
(10) Rise of Marathas.
(11) Rise of Hindus of Rajputana.
(12) Advent of European.
(13) Role of Nizam of Hyderabad.
(14) Backwardness in Science and Technology.
(15) Absence of Navaj Power.
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